The Martian Moons eXploration spacecraft targets Phobos with a 10-gram sample return that could settle whether Mars' moons are captured asteroids or impact debris.

JAXA's MMX spacecraft lifts off Oct. 19 to settle whether Phobos and Deimos are impact debris or captured asteroids, with NASA instruments riding along.

Pioneer Labs CEO Erika DeBenedictis is engineering microbes to terraform Mars, turning a sci-fi dream into a biotech business model.

NASA's Perseverance team receives a Guinness World Record for the rover's Mars distance, thanks to a terrestrial twin that plans every move.

NASA's rover has now traveled farther than any vehicle on another world, a feat with direct stakes for the Mars Sample Return campaign and future human missions.

The rover's new distance milestone shows how autonomous navigation is accelerating Mars exploration, and what it means for future missions.